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Appendix A

Operator Precedence

It is important to understand that operators have a precedence, but it is not essential to memorize the precedence.

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New Term: Precedence is the order in which a program performs the operations in a formula. If one operator has precedence over another operator, it is evaluated first.

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Higher precedence operators "bind tighter" than lower precedence operators; thus, higher precedence operators are evaluated first. The lower the rank in the following chart, the higher the precedence.

Table A.1. Operator Precedence.

Rank	Name	Operator
1	scope resolution	::
2	member selection, subscripting,	. ->
	function calls, postfix increment	()
	and decrement	++ --
3	sizeof, prefix increment and decrement,	++ --
	complement, and, not, unary minus and plus,	^ !
	address of and dereference, new, new[], delete,	- +
	delete[], casting, sizeof(),	& *
		()
4	member selection for pointer	.* ->*
5	multiply, divide, modulo	* / %
6	add, subtract	+ -
7	shift	<< >>
8	inequality relational	< <= > >=
9	equality, inequality	== !=
10	bitwise AND	&
11	bitwise exclusive OR	^
12	bitwise OR	|
13	logical AND	&&
14	logical OR	||
15	conditional	?:
16	assignment operators	= *= /= %=
		+= -= <<= >>=
		&= |= ^=
17	throw operator	throw
18	comma	,